Chapter 11: Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions
第十一章：诸葛亮北伐
After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang took control of Shu Han's military and political power. He decided to continue realizing Liu Bei's dying wish: to attack the Central Plains from the north and restore the Han Dynasty. This was the most important mission of Zhuge Liang's life.
刘备去世后，诸葛亮接管了蜀汉的军政大权。他决定继续实现刘备的遗愿，北伐中原，恢复汉室。这是诸葛亮一生最重要的使命。
Zhuge Liang began preparing for the Northern Expedition. He reorganized the army, stockpiled grain and forage, and trained the soldiers. He also formed an alliance with Eastern Wu to ensure the security of the south. These preparations took several years.
诸葛亮开始准备北伐。他整顿军队，储备粮草，训练士兵。他还与东吴结盟，确保南方的安全。这些准备工作耗费了数年时间。
In the initial stage of the Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang achieved a series of victories. He led his army out of Qishan, occupied the Longyou region, and his prestige shook the Central Plains. The Wei court was panic-stricken and sent Sima Yi to lead troops to resist.
北伐初期，诸葛亮取得了一系列胜利。他率领军队出祁山，攻占了陇右地区，威震中原。魏国朝野惊慌，派司马懿率军抵抗。
Sima Yi was a famous general of Wei, possessing exceptional wisdom. He saw Zhuge Liang's weakness: the Shu army was far from its homeland, and grain supply was difficult. Therefore, he adopted a strategy of holding firm and not engaging, intending to wear down the Shu army.
司马懿是魏国的名将，智慧过人。他看出了诸葛亮的弱点：蜀军远离本土，粮草供应困难。于是，他采用坚守不出的策略，拖垮蜀军。
Zhuge Liang repeatedly attempted to lure Sima Yi into battle, but Sima Yi remained unmoved. The two sides stood in confrontation on both banks of the Wei River, reaching a stalemate. Although Zhuge Liang's wisdom was unparalleled, he was also at wit's end.
诸葛亮多次尝试引诱司马懿出战，但司马懿始终不为所动。双方在渭水两岸对峙，相持不下。诸葛亮虽然智谋无双，但也无计可施。
Zhuge Liang fell ill from overwork at Wuzhang Plain and eventually died of illness. Before his death, he left the famous "Memorial on Deploying the Army," expressing his loyalty to the country and his dedication to the Northern Expedition. Zhuge Liang's death deprived Shu Han of its last pillar.
诸葛亮在五丈原积劳成疾，最终病逝。他临终前留下了著名的《出师表》，表达了他对国家的忠诚和对北伐的执着。诸葛亮的去世，让蜀汉失去了最后一根支柱。